Plasma Science and Technology

Abstract In future fusion reactors such as ITER, erosion of first wall materials (FWMs) induced by neutral particles will increase rapidly with rising heating power and operating time. In tokamak devices, magnetic shadow areas (MSAs), such as the gaps between first wall modules, exhibit a reduced neutral particle flux due to their enclosed structure, which reduces erosion. To study the effect of …

Abstract The Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC) is widely considered an ideal target plasma for magneto-inertial fusion owing to its high-beta properties. To study the magnetized target in plasma-jet-driven magneto-inertial fusion (PJMIF), we have developed LFX (Large-scale magnetized target Formation eXperiment), a specialized device for FRC formation and translation. It aims to produce a long-l…

Abstract Core-localized electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) often raises the electron temperature, whereas the ion temperature may remain unchanged or even decrease. We investigate this ion-channel response in deuterium L-mode plasmas on the HL-3 tokamak using kinetic profiles, interpretive power-balance analysis, and local turbulence modeling. Three states are compared: #11843 at 425 ms …

Abstract Catalytic technology is a core supporting element in fields such as energy conversion and environmental protection. Developing efficient and green catalytic systems is currently a key research focus. Carbon dots, as emerging carbon-based nanomaterials, have become significant materials in the field of catalysis due to their tunable structures and abundant active sites. Meanwhile, plasma …

Abstract The Hall thruster is an electromagnetic plasma accelerator widely used in spacecraft propulsion. In the thruster channel exit region, where the strong E×B field exists, high-frequency electron drift instability (EDI) arises, driving anomalous axial electron transport. While the physical characteristics of EDI have been extensively studied, the impact of radial magnetic field intensity an…

Abstract A local equilibrium solution is presented for the up-down symmetric tokamak plasma in the vicinity of a separatrix. We present the solution as the sum of seven terms with seven free parameters based on the Solovev approach. The seven parameters can be completely determined the shaping factors of the separatrix and the pressure ratio and the magnetic shear on the flux surface containing 9…

Abstract Air breathing electric propulsion technology is one kind of resource in-situ utilizing spacecraft power technology, which can reduce launching cost, increase the spacecraft’s lifetime and has broad application prospect. Environmental gas electric thruster has low efficiency compared with traditional Xe thruster. The electric thruster’s efficiency is seen as the most important factor dete…

Abstract Mineral classification is essential in geological exploration and the metallurgical industry. Conventional analytical approaches often require careful sample preparation and complex instrumentation. Laser-induced plasma acoustic (LIPA) signals carry both physical and chemical information about materials, and the acoustic acquisition process requires relatively simple and low-cost instrum…

Abstract Accurate reconstruction of tokamak equilibria requires precise measurements of magnetic fields and magnetic flux, which is essential for effective plasma control and optimization. To reconstruct equilibria, code like equilibrium fitting code (EFIT) solves the nonlinear Grad–Shafranov equation. This depends on the traditional algorithms achieved by iteratively minimizing the discrepancy b…

Abstract The magnetic inversion problem described by differential equations is an important research direction in plasma physics. Recently, neural networks have emerged as a widely used tool to address this problem. However, in the process of solving forward problem, structure-preserving algorithms have not been considered. In this study, we develop a framework of magnetic field inversion neural …

Abstract Discharge similarity laws provide an important basis for designing and scaling plasma sources across different spatial and temporal scales, but they are challenged in electronegative gases with complex reaction kinetics. In this work, we use a one-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method to systematically study similarity behavior in capacitively coupled radio-…

Abstract Steel is a pillar industry of the national economy, in which scrap, as an important secondary raw material for steel production, is of great significance for its rapid identification in order to realize accurate classification for recycling and reuse. In this paper, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with the Restricted Boltzmann machine-Backpropagation algorithm (RBM-B…

Abstract Core–shell silver–zinc nanoparticles (Ag:Zn NPs) were synthesized using the plasma jet method and characterized by TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD confirmed crystalline peaks at 38.45°, 44.39°, 64.57°, and 77.47° (planes 111, 200, 220, and 311), with particle sizes below 100 nm. UV–Vis analysis showed absorption peaks at 374 and 454 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. C…

Abstract This study investigates minor disruptions in the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) and presents a deep learning-based approach for disruption prediction. Plasma disruptions in magnetic confinement devices are critical to operational safety, making their prediction essential. Machine learning methods provide a foundation for predicting disruptions and informing mitigation strategies. Although t…

Abstract The effects of the cylindrical holes, fan-shaped holes and saw-tooth plasma actuator (SPA) on the film cooling effectiveness and aerodynamic losses are examined under various blowing ratios. The combined design of the fan-shaped hole with the SPA effectively eliminates the downstream separation spiral node vortices, which typically degrade the film cooling effectiveness. Furthermore, thi…

Abstract The plasma dispersion function (PDF) is widely used in plasma physics, especially for the
interaction between waves and plasmas. It is essentially important to quickly and precisely calculate
the values of the PDF and its differentials with any orders. Related efforts have been ongoing from
the beginning when this function is proposed until recent decades, where l…

Abstract Linear gyrokinetic simulations have been performed using the GTC code to investigate the effects of fast ions on dominant instability changes from TEM to ITG in the EAST. The effects of fractions (5%, 7.5%, and 10%) and temperatures (10 keV, 20 keV, and 30 keV) of fast ions are investigated. The dominant mode transitions from trapped electron mode (TEM) to ion temperature gradient (ITG) …

Abstract In this paper, we present a numerical study of a nanosecond-pulse controlled surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) actuator, with face-to-face anodes confined in a groove, which provides a type of aerodynamic regulation via a nonplanar surface. The results indicate that, in comparison with a single anode discharge, the space limitation effect together with the intensified space cha…

Abstract Diamond detectors exhibit significant potential for measuring 14 MeV neutrons generated by fusion plasmas in tokamak experiments, owing to their exceptional radiation hardness and thermal stability. Monte Carlo simulation serves as a vital tool for designing and optimizing the performance of diamond detectors; however, discrepancies among the nuclear data libraries can considerably affec…

Abstract A stationary high normalized beta (β_N > 2) H-mode discharge was achieved in the HL-2A tokamak using pure neutral-beam injection (NBI) heating. While transient high performance occurred, β_N often plateaued near 3. To understand this limitation, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities potentially limiting β_N were simulated in the edge and core regions using the MARS (the MHD Analysis…