The objective of this research is to define the determinants of Energy Equity (EEQ) under the context of sustainable development goal SDG7, by considering the interplay role of Green Technology (GRT), Green Finance (GF), Environmental Regulation (ER), Energy Efficiency (EEF) and Technological Innovation (TI). This study attempts to fill the gap in research by investigating the under examined synergies that are little explored among the above-mentioned factors and thus their role in achieving EEQ. The study was based on 52 countries panel data spanning from the year 2013 to 2022. Advanced econometric techniques involved Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and quantile regression were used. The results show that technological innovation significantly improves EE, while GT and ER exhibit a mixed, often adversarial functions due to the actual implementation of inefficiencies. GF has a very minimal and negligible direct effect on EE, but is achievable when it is mediated through Energy Structure (ES). The role of Energy Security (ESEC) as a moderator illustrates the subtle dynamics in shaping the predicted EE outcomes. Policymakers should pay attention to striking the balance between regulatory frameworks and equitable technological dissemination in addressing disparities for the access to energy. GF mechanisms and incentives must target communities that are underserved to bridge inequities in energy. Our results highlight the importance of tailored strategies that may ensure inclusive benefits from initiatives for sustainable energy. This study provides a comprehensive analysis for the determinants of EEQ, integrating multiple correlated sustainability dimensions. This knowledge advances the understanding of EEQ’s systemic challenges and provide actionable insights into achieving equitable energy transition for committed stakeholders and policy makers.