BACKGROUND: Parental neglect is the most prevalent form of child maltreatment in South Korea, and children in multicultural families are disproportionately exposed. Social determinants of health offer a useful lens for understanding heterogeneous neglect pathways, yet longitudinal evidence is limited. OBJECTIVE: To identify distinct longitudinal trajectories of child-reported parental neglect in Korean multicultural families and to examine how baseline social determinants differentiate class membership. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Data came from a nationally representative panel of 2186 fourth-grade children (Wave 1, 2019) in foreign-parent families in South Korea, followed annually through Wave 5 (eighth grade, 2023). METHODS: Latent class growth analysis identified neglect trajectory classes. The BCH procedure tested baseline class differences, and the three-step procedure estimated multinomial logistic regressions predicting class membership. RESULTS: A four-class solution best fit the data: low-stable (50.5%), moderate-increasing (38.2%), high-decreasing (8.5%), and high-stable (2.9%). Socioeconomic indicators did not distinguish classes after adjustment. Higher parenting efficacy and parental self-esteem predicted membership in the low-stable class, whereas child discrimination experience predicted persistently elevated or worsening trajectories. Parental self-esteem sharply distinguished the high-stable from the low-stable class (OR = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Neglect in multicultural families follows heterogeneous developmental pathways shaped less by household economic position than by relational and cultural social determinants-particularly children's exposure to discrimination and parents' psychological resources. Prevention combining anti-discrimination action with parenting support is likely to produce larger gains than income-targeted programs alone.