Background Plasmodium vivax malaria is an increasing global health threat and the second leading cause of malaria globally. An efficacious vaccine aimed at preventing disease and transmission would greatly facilitate malaria elimination. The P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (PvCSP) is considered a leading pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine target. While P. falciparum malaria vaccines currently in clinical use have CSP as the critical component, their limited efficacy and the need for multiple doses