Strategic role of integrated agricultural systems in alleviating land-use competition and accelerating climate mitigation

Integrated and agroforestry systems (IS/AS) are increasingly recognised as pivotal pathways to reconcile agricultural productivity, ecosystem services, and climate mitigation. This study assesses the system-level contribution of IS/AS to land-use dynamics and greenhouse gas mitigation in Brazil using the Brazilian Land Use and Energy System (BLUES) integrated assessment model (IAM). Distinct from previous global assessments, we developed and explicitly represented eleven region-specific IS/AS pr