This article analyzes the landscape transformation processes of Syrdarya region over the past three decades (1990–2024) using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). The study draws on Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, ERA5 reanalysis and meteorological station records, and soil monitoring data. The results show that, alongside the steady expansion of irrigated cropland, secondary salinization and land degradation have intensified: the share of strongly salinized land in