Development and validation of a risk stratification model for cardiovascular disease in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA): a retrospective study

Background Patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) face an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet practical prediction tools remain limited. This study aimed to develop a parsimonious risk stratification model for CVD risk in r-axSpA patients using routine clinical variables. Methods This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 259 r-axSpA patients (65 with CVD). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariat