Hypoxia-preconditioned adipose-derived stem cell exosomes promote osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the Piezo1/Ca 2+ signaling axis
Wumiti Taxi·Yong Ma·Tian‐Chi Zhang·Meng-Min Liu·Xi Chen·Chunlei Zhang·Kai Tong·Li-Ning Wang·Tao Jiang·Yi-Hua Zhu·Yang Guo·Ya-Lan Pan·Jie Sun
BACKGROUND Stem cell-derived exosomes represent a promising cell-free strategy for bone regeneration, yet the mechanisms underlying their osteogenic effects remain incompletely defined. Hypoxic preconditioning has been reported to enhance exosome bioactivity, but its potential interaction with mechanosensitive signaling pathways during osteogenesis is poorly understood. AIM To evaluate the osteogenic effects of hypoxia-preconditioned adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (HY-Exos) and to examine th