Geometric Response Cosmology (GRC): Induced Gravity and Emergent Time from the Energy Substrate as a Phenomenological Framework for the Dark Sector

We propose Geometric Response Cosmology (GRC), a phenomenological effective framework where time emerges as a kinematic residue of a real 3D substrate and gravity is described as an elastic response of the energy substrate through effective couplings with baryonic matter density. This coupling generates MOND-like dynamics at low accelerations, with the critical scale a_0 ≈ c H_0 / (2π) emerging from linear expansion R_h = ct as a natural scale identification. We find consistency with the Radial