The Need for Managed Globalism: China's External Technology Absorption and Economic Security Risks

This working paper argues that conventional globalization has created not only economic benefits but also security vulnerabilities, including technology leakage, intellectual property theft, cyber intrusion, economic coercion, and foreign influence operations. The paper examines China’s technology development model not merely as a matter of independent innovation, but as a combination of external technology absorption, improvement, mass production, and state mobilization. It argues that many adv