Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing public health issues of our time, responsible for over a million deaths each year. While many people are aware of the overuse of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture, few realize how our waste treatment systems contribute to the problem. WWTPs process sewage from households, hospitals, and farms, which often contains antibiotics and bacteria that carry resistance genes. These genes, known as ARGs, can survive treatment and accumulate in sewage