Oestrogen receptors regulate vascular β₁- and β₃-adrenoceptor expression and shape sex-specific adrenergic control of vascular tone

Abstract Sex differences in vascular adrenergic responsiveness contribute to differential regulation of vascular tone. Female vessels exhibit enhanced β-adrenergic relaxation compared with males, but the role of oestrogen receptors in maintaining this phenotype and the capacity of sex hormone exposure to reprogram vascular β-adrenoceptor expression remain incompletely understood. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries from Wistar Kyoto rats were examined following pharmacological oestrogen recep