Chemical profiling, phytotoxicity, and in silico evaluation of Eremobium aegyptiacum subsp. longisiliquum: volatile compounds and fatty acids as potential natural herbicidal agents

Abstract Weeds are a major challenge in agriculture, and plant-derived natural compounds offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic herbicides. Eremobium aegyptiacum subsp. longisiliquum , a native species growing in the semi-arid regions of Ghardaia, Algeria, remains largely unexplored for its bioactive potential. This study aimed to investigate the volatile compounds, fatty acids composition, and phytotoxicity of n -hexane and dichloromethane extracts using wheat germination and leaf punctur