A Framework for Policy-Driven Integration of Renewable Energy in Electric Vehicles

The accelerating deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) alongside the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) presents both transformative opportunities and complex operational challenges for modern power systems. Existing policy mechanisms, such as time-of-use (ToU) tariffs, renewable portfolio standards (RPS), net metering credits, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) incentives, are typically designed and evaluated in isolation from real-time grid dynamics, leaving a critical gap between regula