Linkage of kynurenine pathway metabolites to neuroinflammation in drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A cross-sectional, case–control study

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that causes psychological, social, academic, and occupational impairments. Despite numerous studies, its etiopathogenesis remains incompletely understood. AIM To compare serum kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolite levels and metabolite ratios between drug-naive children with ADHD and healthy controls. METHODS The study included 51 drug-naive children with ADHD and 36 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Se