Safety profile and surgical outcomes of the endoscopic transorbital approach as a skull base surgical corridor: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rudolfh Batista Arend·Guilherme Gago·Daniel Felipe Savaris·Anderson Silva Corin·Raphael Bertani·Alex Roman·Martin Batista Coutinho da Silva·Antônio Delacy Martini Vial·Victor Luiz Ferreira Kauer·Bruno Zilli Peroni·Filipe Virgílio Ribeiro·Marcos Henrique da Silva Mezzari·Daniel Marchi Kieling·Henrique Padilha Gnoatto·Gabriel Cambruzzi·Pierre-Olivier Champagne·Natan Lucca Lima
Abstract Endoscopic techniques have enabled minimally invasive approaches in neurosurgery, providing shorter recovery times and favorable outcomes. Among these, the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) has emerged as a versatile surgical modality. Despite the growing body of evidence, complication rates associated with ETOA have not yet been systematically evaluated. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 2026. We included studies enrolling ≥ 5 patie