Sex-specific responses of intestinal health, microbiota composition, and transcriptome profiles in golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation

Introduction Driven by global climate change and coastal eutrophication, severe hypoxic events have become a primary environmental stressor in marine ecosystems, posing a critical threat to commercially vital teleosts like the golden pompano ( Trachinotus blochii ). Understanding the dimorphic physiological and microbial responses between sexes under such stress is crucial for developing targeted mitigation strategies. Methods Golden pompano were subjected to hypoxia stress (3.0 ± 0.2 mg/L) for