Effects of co-application chemical and organic fertilizers on microbial residues and their contribution to soil organic carbon accumulation

Background Fertilization strategies in agricultural ecosystems significantly influence soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, and integrated chemical and organic fertilization may enhance short-term SOC accumulation. However, the mechanisms, particularly the contribution of microbial residues to SOC dynamics during the crop growth period, remain unclear. Methods In this study, we evaluated four fertilization treatments in tobacco-planting field under a randomized block design with three blocks: (1)