From storms to warming seas: a long-term metabarcoding survey reveals seasonal dynamics and genetic resilience of non-indigenous species in port communities

Ports are key gateways for the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species (NIS), yet the ecological and genetic temporal dynamics of these introductions remain poorly understood. Long term temporal monitoring is essential to unravel invasion processes, anticipate biodiversity shifts, and inform effective management and biosecurity strategies. In this study, we conducted a five-year (2019-2024) monthly metabarcoding survey in a northwestern Mediterranean port using artificial collectors. B