A glial oxidative signature predicts disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis and is associated with long-term cognitive decline
Albert Miguela·Ana Quiroga-Varela·Clàudia Coll·Ariadna Gifreu·Judit Salavedra‐Pont·Manuel Comabella·Luisa María Villar·Jordi Gich·Gary Álvarez-Bravo·Lluís Ramió-Torrentà·Joana Maria Huertas‐Pons
Background Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) involves heterogeneous mechanisms, and primary progressive MS without inflammatory activity (PPMS-NA) is poorly understood. Objective To characterize the immune–oxidative profile of PPMS-NA and assess plasma IL-6, IL-8, IFNα2, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reactive oxygen species (ROS) as predictors of disability and cognitive decline. Methods We conducted a multicenter longitudinal study with two cohorts. Cohort 1 included participants across MS ph