This study investigates the multiscale complexity and wave-number partitioning of airfoil boundary-layer fluctuating pressures measured in the NF-3 wind tunnel at Northwestern Polytechnical University. A multifractal asymmetric correction model is established. The energy cascade characteristics of transition and turbulence are studied via proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The results indicate that during the transition, the multifractal spectrum width of fluctuating pressure expands to approximately 0.39, and the asymmetry increases to approximately 1.9, signifying a significant enhancement of multiscale intermittency. POD analysis confirms that the transition energy is concentrated in large-scale coherent structures governed by linear wave-number partitioning, whereas turbulence follows self-similar cascade laws based on geometric series partitioning. Furthermore, intermediate turbulent modes ([Formula: see text]) exhibit multiple wave-number partitioning mechanisms.