Optimization of wind-solar-gas-storage integrated energy systems under the carbon and green certificate markets

This study investigates the optimization of wind-solar-gas-storage integrated energy systems (IES) under the dual-market mechanisms of carbon emission trading (CET) and green certificate trading (GCT). A unified analytical framework is developed to examine the techno-economic and environmental performance of IES within these combined market structures. The results indicate that the concurrent implementation of CET and GCT leads to a significant reduction in operational costs while simultaneously