Uveal Melanoma Ground Truth Labeling in Machine Learning

Background/Objectives: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor among adults and has a high risk of metastasis. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) tools have been developed to support the management of UM across different clinical tasks. The definition of ground truth, the reference standard that models use in training and development, greatly influences the performance and clinical relevance of the models. Currently, there is limited consensus regarding whi