Plant resilience under abiotic stress: all for one or one for all?

Abstract Background Plants are continuously challenged by diverse abiotic stresses, which compromise growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient homeostasis. This review aims to elucidate the roles of antioxidant systems and mineral nutrients in stress adaptation, and to highlight the potential of multi-omics approaches to enhance crop resilience. Methods A comprehensive synthesis of current research on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, nutrient interactions, and stress physiology was