Analysis of resilience evolution in China’s coastal ports from the temporal-spatial perspective

Against a backdrop of frequent global emergencies, heightened uncertainty in the shipping environment, and increasing complexity in port operations, the risk shocks faced by port systems have significantly intensified. Enhancing the comprehensive resilience of ports has thus become a critical task in port development. To systematically characterize the evolution of resilience in China’s coastal ports, this study examines 10 representative coastal ports from 2013 to 2022. An evaluation framework