The Prognostic Value of Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Asymptomatic Moderate and Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review of Stress-Derived Hemodynamic and Functional Markers

Background: Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) remains challenging, as symptom-based assessment may underestimate disease severity. Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) provides a comprehensive evaluation of valvular, ventricular, and cardiopulmonary responses under physiological stress and may improve prognostic assessment. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the prognostic value of ESE in asymptomatic moder