Expression of HSP70, IGF-1, OCT4, and AIF in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Matea Buljubašić Franić·Katarina Vukojević·Ivana Tica Sedlar·Natalija Filipović·Nela Kelam·Anita Racetin·Andrea Kopilaš·Ana Dunatov Huljev·Petar Todorović
Background/Objectives: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common subtype of kidney cancer and exhibits marked biological heterogeneity, even among tumors of the same histological grade. Although tumor grade remains a key prognostic parameter, the molecular alterations associated with tumor differentiation are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate grade-dependent tissue-level expression patterns of proteins involved in cellular stress response, growth regulation, stemness, a