Dietary Fibre and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Effects on Inflammation, Uraemic Toxins, Nutritional Status, Kidney Function, and Gut–Liver–Kidney Axis Mechanisms

Background: Dietary fibre has been increasingly recognised for its potential role in modulating inflammation, gut-derived uraemic toxins, nutritional status, and kidney-related outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly through mechanisms involving the gut–liver–kidney axis. While nutritional management in CKD has traditionally focused on protein intake, despite growing evidence supporting soluble and insoluble types, the role of dietary fibre remains insufficiently reflected in clin