Bacterial Communities Are Strongly Associated with Soil Multifunctionality During Revegetation of Copper Mine Wastelands

Vegetation restoration is critical for ecosystem recovery in abandoned mining areas, yet how restoration age affects soil multifunctionality (SMF) and the underlying microbial regulatory mechanisms remains poorly understood. The space-for-time substitution method was employed in this study. Along a revegetation chronosequence (Restoration 1 year (R1), Restoration 10 year (R10), Restoration 30 year (R30), Restoration 45 year (R45)) in copper mine wasteland in Tongling, China, the dynamics of soil