Differentiation of Structurally Controlled Seepage in a Dam and Dike Complex by Integrated Geophysical Surveys

ABSTRACT Persistent seepage from an earthfill dam and associated structures has been observed for decades at Lake Capote, a small, spring-fed, off-stream, man-made lake in southwestern Colorado. Extensive engineering measures in 2006 did not fully remediate seepage. Therefore, we employed electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), induced polarization (IP), and self-potential (SP) methods to determine the location of seepage and its relationships with local geologic conditions. ERT revealed an app