Adipose-derived stem cell stimulation using poly-L-lactic acid injection

BACKGROUND Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been demonstrated to grow both subcutaneous adipose tissue and the dermis which may occur through stimulation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). These cells maintain the integumentary system by regulating fibroblasts and immune cells, sustaining the extracellular matrix, and combating oxidative stress. AIM To use multiplex immunofluorescence to characterize macrophage subtypes involved in the PLLA-macrophage-fibroblast encapsulations on previously obta