SUBPROGRAM CALL IMPLEMENTATION AND RUNTIME STACK MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF C, JAVA, PYTHON, AND HASKELL
A.P. Adewole·UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS·Charles Chuka Chinoziem-Best·Olorunfunmilayo Rachael Adesola·Department of Computer Science·Uju Cynthia Aniekwe·Wuraola Similoluwa Adegboro
Abstract Programming languages differ significantly in how subprogram calls and runtime stack management are implemented, which reflects underlying variations in execution models, design philosophies, and performance objectives. This study systematically compares subprogram call implementation across four widely used languages: C, Java, Python, and Haskell—examining activation record structures, memory allocation strategies, scoping mechanisms, and closure support. The findings reveal that C use