Interface-engineered ceramization protects carbon at extreme temperatures

Carbon materials - whether in the form of fibers, yarns, or textiles - exhibit exceptional mechanical strength, low density, and high thermal and electrical conductivity, yet their rapid oxidation above ∼500 °C severely limits their performance in high-temperature environments. Conventional ceramic coatings provide only partial protection due to non-uniform coverage, thermal expansion mismatch, and microstructural defects. Here we present an interface-engineered dual-layer ceramization (IEDC) st