Developmental changes in element-specific localization during seed maturation of Lotus japonicus

In dicotyledonous seeds, mineral elements are accumulated in specific tissues that support germination and early seedling growth. Although element-specific localization patterns in mature seeds have been reported, the dynamic changes in spatial distribution during seed maturation remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated developmental changes in elemental localization during seed maturation using in-air micro-PIXE elemental imaging. Seeds of Lotus japonicus (accession Miyakojima M