Odorant-Binding Protein Interactions with Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Drive Behavioral Attraction of Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to Tuta Absoluta-Infested Tomato Plant

Tuta absoluta severely constrains global tomato production. We investigated the behavioral attraction of Harmonia axyridis to infested plants and the molecular basis of herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) recognition. Y-tube bioassays showed statistically significant attraction of H. axyridis to the infested plant (χ² = 13.72, P < 0.05). Molecular docking showed strong HaxyOBP-HIPV interactions, with predicted binding energies reaching -7.6 kl mol^-