Synapse-associated neuropathological markers in Alzheimer disease

Abnormal amyloid β and microtubule-associated protein are two intimately related proteinopathies central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Both are often accompanied by cholesterol dysmetabolism and/or altered transport of this neutral lipid in carriers of the APOEε4 (apolipoprotein E gene epsilon 4 allele), a causal gene for early-onset (familial) AD and the most important genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Age, the principal risk factor for sporadic AD, together with comorb