Reconstructing The Campfire in The Digital Age: An Empirical Study of Collective Interactive Fields in Public Interactive Installations

In contemporary public spaces saturated by digital technologies, individuals’ dependence on smart devices has continued to intensify, drawing them ever deeper into fragmented modes of information consumption. As a result, the frequency of face-to-face offline communication has declined markedly, while genuine emotional connections have gradually weakened. This phenomenon of “co-presence without co-experience”, in which physical proximity coexists with emotional distance, not only erodes the soci