Mutation of the rice OsMTL gene simultaneously generates haploid, diploid, and triploid embryos

Haploid induction (HI) is the critical first step in doubled haploid (DH) technology and plays an essential role in engineering synthetic apomixis. The gene MATRILINEAL (MTL), also referred to as NOT LIKE DAD and PHOSPHOLIPASE A1, is an important gene responsible for HI. MTL encodes a pollen-specific phospholipase and was first reported in maize (Gilles et al., 2017; Kelliher et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017). It exhibits specific expression patterns during the later stages of pollen development,