An amplitude analysis of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay D0K+Kπ0π0D^0 \to K^+ K^- π^0 π^0 is performed, for the first time, to determine the relative magnitudes and phases of different intermediate processes. The analysis uses e+ee^+e^- collision data collected with the BESIII detector at the center-of-mass energy 3.773~GeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb1\rm fb^{-1}. The absolute branching fraction of D0K+Kπ0π0D^0 \to K^+ K^- π^0 π^0 is measured to be \BF. The dominant intermediate process is D0K(892)+K(892)D^0 \to K^{*}(892)^+K^{*}(892)^-, with a branching fraction of (2.79±0.13stat.±0.11syst.)×103(2.79 \pm 0.13_{\rm{stat.}} \pm 0.11_{\rm{syst.}}) \times 10^{-3}. Amplitude analysis reveals that the D0K(892)+K(892)D^0 \to K^{*}(892)^+K^{*}(892)^- decay is S-wave dominant. The longitudinal polarization fraction of D0K(892)+K(892)D^0 \to K^{*}(892)^+ K^{*}(892)^- is measured to be 0.468±0.046stat.±0.011syst.0.468\pm0.046_{\rm{stat.}}\pm0.011_{\rm{syst.}}.