Longitudinal Speech Outcomes in Foreign-Born and Native-Born Children in Sweden with Cleft Palate, and Influence of Palatal Surgery Timing

Objective To compare longitudinal speech outcomes at ages 5 and 10 years in foreign-born and Swedish-born children with cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP ± L), and assess impact of cleft type, additional diagnosed conditions, sex, and age at completed primary palatal surgery.DesignLongitudinal, registry-based cohort study.SettingRegional public care university hospitals in Sweden.Participants 723 children (143 foreign-born, 580 Swedish-born) with CP ± L.Interventions Primary and seconda