Current capabilities of large language models as peer reviewers for manuscripts submitted to ophthalmology-related journals

To compare large language models (LLMs) and human reviewers in the peer review process of manuscripts submitted to 3 ophthalmology-related journals. This retrospective study comprised 300 randomly selected manuscripts from 3 anonymized journals under 1 editor between June 2023 and July 2024. Comments from 2 LLMs (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer [ChatGPT] 4o and Gemini) and human reviewers (324 ophthalmologists) were compared. LLMs were prompted to accept, accept with major or minor revis