Global climate warming poses a serious threat to wheat production. Existing studies have primarily focused on the impact of heat stress on wheat yield, but the effect on its quality remains uncertain, especially at a global scale. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a global meta-analysis integrating 1976 observations from 95 peer-reviewed studies, encompassing nine key wheat quality traits. Using a random-effects model, we quantified the overall impact of heat stress and explored its influ