Developing a Short Form of the Communication Styles Inventory for Leadership Communication: Evidence from IRT and CFA Analyses

Effective leadership depends substantially on how leaders communicate, yet existing measures of communication style lack theoretical coherence and practical usability. This study developed and validated an 18-item short form of the Communication Styles Inventory (CSI) for use in leadership research and practice. Based on a large sample of full-time managers in Japan, we selected highly informative and gender-invariant items across the six CSI dimensions using modern psychometric methods. The res