Endometriosis and menorrhagia are prevalent gynecological conditions with overlapping symptoms, yet comparative data from Middle Eastern populations remain scarce. We aimed to comprehensively characterize demographic and hematological differences between these conditions in Saudi women, where obesity prevalence reaches 44%. This observational study analyzed 946 women (351 with surgically-confirmed endometriosis, 595 with menorrhagia) at King Khalid Medical City, Riyadh (January 2020-December 202