Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner layer of the blood vessels and are subjected to hemodynamic shear stress, the frictional force derived from blood flow, most prominently in arteries 1,2 .Vascular structure influences the intensity and patterns of hemodynamic shear stress.Blood flow through straight, non-branching arteries generates unidirectional laminar shear.Conversely, curved or branching arteries can produce disturbed flow, resulting in oscillatory shear stress.Atherosclerotic plaques