Clinical Characteristics and Severity of Rhinovirus/Enterovirus–Associated Hospitalizations: A Multi-country Analysis from the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, 2017–2024
Angelica M Revilla·Sandra S. Chaves·Vicky L. Baillie·Anna Sominina·Parvaiz A Koul·Tao Zhang·Elsa Baumeister·F Xavier López-Labrador·Emilia Sordillo·Joseph Bresee·Viviana Simon·Marta C Nunes·Q Sue Huang·Ndongo Dia·Melissa K Andrew·Heloisa I G Giamberardino·Justin R Ortiz·Nazish Badar·Ghassan Dbaibo·Anca Cristina Drăgănescu·S. M. Raboni·Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez·Elena I. Burtseva·Harm van Bakel·A Mira-Iglesias
Abstract Background Rhinoviruses and enteroviruses (RV/EV) are frequently detected in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness, yet their clinical burden remains under-characterized, particularly across diverse populations and age groups. Methods We analyzed Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network data collected from November 2017 through October 2024 across 13 countries representing high-, upper-middle-, and lower-middle-income settings. Multivariable mixed-effects logistic r