An airborne GNSS-R trajectory planning method based on multi-objective optimization

Airborne Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) offers high-resolution observations but is constrained by time-varying satellite geometries, and currently lacks dedicated trajectory planning methods. To address this, this letter proposes a multi-objective trajectory planning method to balance the trade-off between coverage rate (<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CR</i>) and flight cost. A trajectory optimization m