Design and implementation of a microscale thermophoresis system based on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) detector array

Detection of molecular interactions at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations in microliter-scale samples is crucial for drug development and biological research. Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) achieves such measurements by monitoring molecular migration in temperature gradient solutions, with current commercial instruments primarily using single-point sensors based on photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This study systematically evaluates the performance parameters of PMT vs Complemen