Co-developmental trajectories of comparison, ordering, and arithmetic skills for children in grade 2 to grade 4
Shuyuan Yu·Jo-Anne LeFevre·María Inés Susperreguy·Rebecca Merkley·Ayushi Chitranshi·Liza Kahwaji·Leah Marshall·Jenna Margaret Rice·James E. Vellan·Heather Douglas
Digit comparison and order processing performance predict children's later arithmetic skills in the elementary years, presumably because they assess foundational symbolic number knowledge (i.e., cardinal and ordinal associations). However, the influence of earlier arithmetic on later magnitude and order processing has rarely been assessed. Numeracy skills were assessed in two longitudinal cohorts (50% girls) in 2021 and 2022; grades 2-3 (N = 9,552; Mage = 7.4) and grades 3-4 (N = 3,189; Mage = 8