Diagnosing Dual-Market Misalignment in Innovation: A Network-and-Deep-Learning Approach with Evidence from Fuel Cell Vehicles

Innovation rarely unfolds as a one-sided process; it arises from the interplay of dissimilar forces whose operational mechanisms often diverge, and manifests in two primary dimensions: technological market supply, integrated from existing knowledge infrastructure, and institutional market demand, articulated through national policy agendas. This duality often creates strategic uncertainty and generates systemic frictions that hinder coordination across scales, making it analytically urgent to di